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May 17, 2013 By Jack Griffin

AC72 sailing suspended

 

From the America’s Cup web site:  Following the first meeting of the America’s Cup Review Committee on Thursday in San Francisco, teams have been asked to suspend all sailing in AC72 and AC45 catamarans until the middle of next week.

The Review Committee is scheduled to meet with the teams for the first time on Friday morning.

What can we expect in their report?

Above all else: safety recommendations. Clearly the committee needs to establish facts about the accident, but safety recommendations will be the most important outcome.

Just over a year ago, five lives were lost in the capsize of “Low Speed Chase” during the 2012 Full Crew Farallones Race. Three members of the committee participated in the inquiry into the “Low Speed Chase”  capsize. From the “Low Speed Chase” report:

“The objective of this report is to reduce the chance of future similar tragedies …   It is not intended to be used in any judicial proceedings whose purpose is to attribute or apportion liability or blame.”

You can download committee member bios here . They are reviewing “the safety of training and racing of AC72 yachts on San Francisco Bay.” Download the committee “Terms of Reference” (scope of work) here. 

When can we expect the committee’s report?

The review committee met for the first time yesterday, Thursday May 16. Racing is scheduled to start July 5. ACEA officials have announced that “the America’s Cup remains on track and racing will take place this summer.” No doubt the committee will balance the desire to work quickly with the need to be thorough.

Quick and thorough safety recommendations Quick and thorough safety recommendations

The quick, thorough inquiry into the “Low Speed Chase” capsize shows that speed and thoroughness are possible:  “Low Speed Chase”  capsized on April 14, 2012. By May 22 the “Low Speed Chase” panel presented preliminary recommendations. The Coast Guard had approved a Marine Event Permit for the Spinnaker Cup offshore race that began May 25, 2012.

Read the US Sailing “Low Speed Chase” news releases here and here.

Download the complete “Low Speed Chase” report here.

 

May 15, 2013 By Jack Griffin

What to expect from the AC safety review…

… expect to learn things that could save your life.

Andrew Andrew “Bart” Simpson – Olympic medallist

Andrew “Bart” Simpson, UK Olympic gold medalist died in a training accident when Artemis Racing’s AC72 capsized last Thursday, May 9, 2013.

An independent committee of six international experts will begin reviewing AC72 training and racing tomorrow, Thursday 16 May 2013. The committee members include experts in sailing safety, multihull yacht design and racing. The committee will review training and racing of AC72 catamarans on San Francisco Bay. The scope of their review and recommendations is  not limited.

Why you can expect a thorough and valuable report

All of the committee members are exceptionally experienced and professional. Three members of the committee reviewed the capsize that cost five lives in the 2012 Farallones Race when “Low Speed Chase” was hit by a breaking wave and driven onto the rocks. If you read any of their report, you will appreciate how thorough and how sobering it is. ‘Lectronic Latitude ran an excellent and easy to read summary. You can get the full report from US Sailing, here.

Bryan Chong, one of the survivors of the Low Speed Chase capsize, has written about the experience and what he learned. To me, the most important part of his message is this:

  • “Safety leadership isn’t always easy. It takes a willingness to speak up when others don’t. It’s choosing the safety of yourself and your crewmates over pride, appearance, comfort, costs or an engraved silver cup. It’s leadership by example and can be as simple as showing up early to make sure the safety equipment’s primed, double checking a teammate’s PFD cartridge and tether, tossing your favorite sailing hat in the water to force an MOB exercise, buying your friend a Spinlock lifejacket for their birthday, or setting the expectation that you’ll only crew on boats that take safety seriously. It’s investing in yourself by attending training, sharing what you learned with others, and following through when on the water.”

I strongly recommend you read Brian’s account of the capsize here and his reflections a year later, here.

Making AC72 sailing safer

 

The job of the committee is “to review the training and racing of AC72 yachts in the 34th America’s Cup, and make recommendations to the Trustee, the organizers and the Competitors.” No doubt they will do a thorough job understanding the Artemis capsize. Download the full description of the committee’s Terms of Reference (scope of work) here.

The committee members (download bios here):

Iain Murray (AUS, Chair) is Regatta Director for the 34th America’s Cup and CEO of AC Race Management. He has been a world champion sailing high performance 18 foot skiffs and has won ocean races. Iain was on board oneAustralia when it sank during racing in the buildup to the 1995 America’s Cup.

Sally Lindsay Honey (USA, Deputy Chair) is on US Sailing’s Safety-at-Sea Committee, has twice been US Yachtswoman of the Year, and has competed in both small boats and ocean racers for over 20 years, logging over 35,000 ocean miles. She chaired the panel that reviewed the fatal Low Speed Chase capsize in the 2012 Farallones Race.

John Craig (USA) is the Principal Race Officer for the 34th America’s Cup. He has run approximately 300 races on San Francisco Bay. John has coached many top sailors including the Canadian Olympic team. He served on the panel that reviewed the Low Speed Chase capsize.

Chuck Hawley (USA) has moderated over 50 Safety-at-Sea seminars for US Sailing and served as Chairman of US Sailing’s Safety at Sea Committee. He has sailed over 40,000 miles including two singlehanded passages to Hawaii and as crew on board the maxi-catamaran PlayStation. Chuck was an advisor to the review of the Low Speed Chase capsize.

Vincent Lauriot-Prévost (FRA) co-founded one of the world’s top multihull design firms, Van Peteghem Lauriot Prévost (VPLP). Their designs for racing and cruising multihulls have set and now hold more records than any other design team. Their projects include Hydroptère, Groupama 3, Banque Populaire V and BMW Oracle Racing’s 90′ trimaran USA 17.

Jim Farmer QC (NZL) is a Queen’s Counsel who has held academic positions at University of Auckland and University of Cambridge. As a yachtsman he formed Georgia Racing which has built five racing keel boats which he has campaigned with great success in the Pacific and Mediterranean.

The committee liaisons include: Lt. Jon Lane of the US Coast Guard and Capt. Thomas Cleary of the San Francisco Police Department.

 

May 10, 2013 By Jack Griffin

Artemis AC72 crash

Wired magazine’s Adam Fisher has reported that the accident was due to a structural failure when the forward beam broke.

Nathan Outteridge was helming. His father, interviewed on Australian television said,

“They heard a few cracking noises, and then the boat tipped on its side. Before it went right over the mainframe just broke and it collapsed a bit like a taco shell cracking.”

That forward beam had been damaged during tow tests, without the wing in place.

From the report last October:

“The plan was to launch and tow the boat, to put it through its paces at speed, then to step the wing… We launched the boat, towed it to the bridge at speed and on the way back we heard some noises as we were loading the catamaran platform itself. The boat will come out of the water and go into the shed and we will spend the rest of the day thoroughly going through it.”

Photos and TV helicopter video make it clear that the port hull and forward cross beam broke up.

 

 

May 10, 2013 By Jack Griffin

Sincere condolences to Andrew “Bart” Simpson’s family

 

I extend my deepest sympathy to Bart Simpson’s wife Leah, young sons and to the entire Artemis Racing team.

From the Artemis web site:

It is with immense sadness that Artemis Racing confirms the tragic death of crew member Andrew “Bart” Simpson today in San Francisco.

Simpson, a British double Olympic medalist, was one of the 11-man crew aboard Artemis Racing’s AC72 catamaran which capsized during training on San Francisco Bay ahead of this summer’s America’s Cup. All other crewmembers are accounted for.

Despite attempts to revive Simpson, both afloat and subsequently ashore, his life was lost.

“The entire Artemis Racing team is devastated by what happened,” said CEO Paul Cayard. “Our heartfelt condolences are with Andrew’s wife and family.”

Artemis Racing CEO Paul Cayard addressed the media this afternoon at the team base in Alameda and said the following regarding the capsize of the team’s first AC72 and loss of crewman Andrew Simpson:

“Our prayers are with Andrew Simpson’s family, his wife and kids, and also the rest of my teammates. It’s a shocking experience to go through, and we have a lot to deal with in the next few days in terms of assuring everybody’s well being.

 

May 3, 2013 By Jack Griffin

A close look at Oracle’s wing

 

Let’s take a close look at Oracle Team USA’s wing. This is the second wing they have built. The first was destroyed following their pitchpole / capsize in October 2012. Each team is allowed to build three wings (or, more accurately, six wing sections, since the rules require the wing to be built in two sections along its 40m length).

AC72-USA17b-full-height

OTUSA’s wing has two “elements” – the forward element incorporates the “mast” structure and the trailing element functions like the flaps on an airplane wing. The flap is divided into four segments. By varying the angle of deflection of each segment you can “twist off” the upper part of the wing and depower it. You need to be able to depower, since the Protocol calls for racing in as little as 5 knots of breeze and as much as 33 (although the race committee can call off racing if they deem it unsafe). The angle and strength of the wind change from the surface of the water to the top of the wing, 40m (130 ft) higher – another reason to change the shape along the span of the wing.

Compare with Artemis’s wing, which has six segments in the trailing element.

America's Cup Challenger Artemis Racing has a 2 element wing. The flap (trailing element) is divided into six segments.

And with Emirates Team New Zealand, like OTUSA, with a four segment flap.

AC72-design-wing-ETNZ-full-height

Here is a closer look at Oracle’s wing.

AC72-USA17b-wing-closeup
AC72 design for the America’s Cup – closeup of Oracle’s wing sail.

From Wikipedia - diagram of slotted flap From Wikipedia – diagram of slotted flap

The OTUSA wing has what is called a slotted flap. (Click the diagram to the right to read Wikipedia’s explanation of the multitude of aircraft wing flap configurations.) This wing has a tab on the leading element to help regulate airflow from the windward (high pressure) to the leeward (low pressure) surface.  In the photos above and below, I’ve highlighted the tab in green. The tab is not actively controlled – when the wing is not cambered, the tab segments move freely. The tab is blown into position; it’s movement is limited by a simple string attached to the flap.

ETNZ does not appear to have a tab on their main element.

AC72-design-wing-etnz-closeup

AC72-USA17b-slot

You can’t tell from my simple diagram on the photo above, but but the pivot point for the flap is forward of the tab. I’ll make a more detailed diagram in a future article. In that article, I’ll also go into more of the details of how the main (forward) element and the flap (trailing element) interact, and the subtle but important role of the tab. For now, suffice it to say that the wing functions most efficiently when the airflow around both elements stays attached to to surfaces, and the tab helps that to happen.

 

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